Manga and Anime Influence on Japanese Women

3 Types of Hyphenation Errors with Numbers

3 Types of Hyphenation Errors with Numbers 3 Types of Hyphenation Errors with Numbers 3 Types of Hyphenation Errors with Numbers By Mark Nichol Writers are easily confused by, or are negligent about, proper use of hyphenation with phrases with numbers, whether the numbers are represented in spelled-out or numeral form. The following sentences represent various types of erroneous use of hyphenation; a discussion after each one points out the problem, and a revision resolves it. 1. In April 2016, the Houston area was soaked by a once-in-10,000 years rainfall event. This sentence, which refers to a rainfall event of the type that occurs once in 10,000 years, includes a phrasal adjective representing that frequency, and year is part of the phrase, so it must be connected to the rest of it: â€Å"In April 2016, the Houston area was soaked by a once-in-10,000-years rainfall event.† Alternatively, the statement can be relaxed (and rendered less cluttered and easier to read) by converting the phrasal adjective to a modifying phrase that follows â€Å"rainfall event†: â€Å"In April 2016, the Houston area was soaked by a rainfall event of the kind that occurs perhaps once in 10,000 years.† 2. In last year’s survey, 43 percent of 40-49 year-olds reported using the bank’s app. Here, as often, an attempt at suspensive hyphenation, in which one or more words is elided when two equivalent terms can share a supporting word or phrase common to them, has gone awry. The full version of the descriptive phrase is â€Å"40-year-olds to 49-year-olds,† and the omission of the first instance of â€Å"year-olds† should result in the following rendering: â€Å"In last year’s survey, 43 percent of 40- to 49-year-olds reported using the bank’s app.† (If a publications style dictates spelled-out numbers, the correct treatment is â€Å"In last year’s survey, 43 percent of forty- to forty-nine-year-olds reported using the bank’s app.†) 3. We expect to complete the project within the next five-to-ten years. The number range in this sentence is incorrectly styled due to a writer’s mistaken belief that because a range is involved, one or more hyphens belong in there somewhere. What is required, technically, is an en dash (–) rather than a hyphen (-)- but only if the numbers are treated as numerals: â€Å"We expect to complete the project within the next 5–10 years.† (Some publications, including many newspapers, dispense with the en dash and use a hyphen in such cases, but most books and magazines employ it; usage online and in other print media varies.) When the numbers are spelled out, no connective symbols are required: â€Å"We expect to complete the project within the next five to ten years.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Punctuate References to Dates and TimesTen Yiddish Expressions You Should KnowAppropriate vs. Apropos vs. Apt

Julius Caesar Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Julius Caesar - Research Paper Example Born in 100 BC in Rome, a time where elite families had made a trend of engraving their family titles so that they would be considered as elites, Julius Caesar would mark a turning point in the history of the Roman Empire. It was the engraving of such titles into families that allowed young boys to grace business meetings, attend debates, and even eat and dine with senators. The son of Caius Julius Caesar and Aurelia became involved in politics after participating in countless wars. He would later form alliances that aided him in attaining a high powered seat in the Roman Empire, which would allow him to establish an imperial system across the many regions he had conquered (Bladen 57). He enrolled in the army as a way of evading the then dictator’s wrath after he married a girl from a noble family. After the death of the dictator, he moved back to Rome, but chose to study philosophy. Afterwards, he led a private army to fight the king of Pontus, which would see his status further elevated and see him work with Pompey. Pompey was a former lieutenant in the former dictator’s regime. He continued to rise in ranks and served as governor of a province in Spain, and with close ties to Pompey; he was given a powerful position in government to act as consul. Caesar’s first wife, Cornelia, died after he was elected quaestor (Freeman 79). After his wife’s demise, he encountered and fell in love with Pompeia, a distant relative of Pompey, which helped strengthen his relationship with the great general. Pompey would later marry Caesar’s daughter, but after her death, their relationship went sour. Caesar would then go on to marry Calpurnia during his travels and conquests over Gaul. During his tenure in political office, Caesar sought to change the lives of the Roman people. He improved on the calendar and established colonies so that poor people could improve their way of living. In Caesar’s later years, he created resentment from the Roman

The Impact of the growing attention between GCC and China Thesis

The Impact of the growing attention between GCC and China - Thesis Example The main reason for the study is that most countries across the world have for the past engaged and created a relationship with the ‘west’ especially the United States since it has been renowned as the world super power. The current investigation is a perfect example of how GCC which has member states such as Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, and Saudi Arabia have taken a bold step in ‘looking east’ in order to satisfy the needs of each other especially economically,   politically and further. In fact, it could be argued that since the terrorist attack in the United States in 2001 among other related issues, most countries across the world with the inclusion of the GCC member states have now opted to break new grounds in the East by declaring their interest in participating and getting involved in China’s progression. Moreover, this study is aimed at ensuring that there is clear justification on why the   GCC member states have resolved on approaching China in most if not all their developments. In fact, the study will seek to discuss reasons as to why other countries, particularly in the developing world, understand the impact that is likely to emerge when there is the continuous growth of attention between the GCC and China.   The relationship between these two entities is continually intertwined since the GCC is renowned worldwide for the production of oil, gas and other energy-related products necessary in stabilizing, and further enlarging the economic power that is needed by China for the world at large.

Political Regime and Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Political Regime and Business - Essay Example By an examination of the political regime, one can therefore make the decision to invest or not to invest in a given country. Most countries often have political regimes that are different and diverse in their ideologies and in their practices. An example of two countries with different ideologies is the United States and China. Given the different ideologies in the two countries, the business environment in the two countries is likely to be very different. The changes in the political environment of a given country usually have an impact on the business environment of the country. A stable political regime often means that there will be less tension which will in turn create a positive business environment. The stable political regime also means that it will be easier to start up a business in this environment. The two governments (the Chinese government and the United States government) usually put in place different ideologies that have different impacts on the business environmen t as will be discussed in the paper (Collins and Block, 2007, p. 130). The term political ideology refers to the set of beliefs and ideals that seek to explain or direct how the society should work and how power should be allocated to the different sectors of the society. A political ideology is therefore a collection of ideas and thoughts on how the society and the different sectors of the society should function and on how best to achieve this ideal functioning of the society. The differences in ideologies followed therefore form the basis of the differences in political regimes. In most political regimes, the old policies that have proved to be ineffective are often replaced by newer policies in an attempt to improve the situation. The political regime of a given country usually has a direct impact on the practices that will be followed in the country which will in turn affect the business. This effect is usually felt in the types of employment contract that are in place in a giv en country which affect the way that a business hires and treats its employees. The effect is also felt in the human rights treatment which affects the environment under which the business is expected to operate. The political regime in the United States is characterised by a mixture of liberalism and a high level of individualism in their practices. There is also a high emphasis on individual rights and liberties which translates even in the business environment in the country. The country was founded on the principles of democratic republic. At present, the major political parties in the country are the Republican and the Democratic parties. The democratic situation in the United States encourages private ownership of property (Jennings 2010, p. 69). The United States also adopts a free market policy. This means that the prices and other market conditions are regulated by the laws and forces of demand and supply. The government does not interfere with the means of production, and these means are controlled by the private citizens. In this free market, the prices of commodities in this market are as a result of voluntary transactions as opposed to being subjected to government control. Such a policy opens room for competition among various entities. The liberalised government system of the United States presents prospective businesses

UK Social Enterprises for Sustainability

UK Social Enterprises for Sustainability Abstract Social enterprise is a dynamic and sustainable business model of choice which is able to bring social, economic and environmental benefits to the UK. It operates across all sectors of the economy, serving individuals in the private, public and third sectors. Through out this research will identify the increase levels of understanding of the role and value of Social Enterprise, given that a lack of understanding of the role and value of social enterprises was cited as a major barrier to the acceleration of the use of the business model. I will further state that social enterprises compete in the marketplace like any other business, but they use their business skills to achieve social aims. The purpose of this research will identify the key barriers faced by Social Enterprise and explore how these barriers have/could potentially be overcome to achieve sustainability. There is also a need to recognise that some social enterprise activity will need an element of finance through public fu nds, particularly because they are operating in areas of market failure or a non-commercial market such as providing services to vulnerable people, including supported employment in many cases. This paper is intended to create an environment which will lead to opportunities for social enterprise to grow successfully in the future. Chapter 1: Introduction A brief overview of social enterprise is introduced in the first chapter. Then, the purpose of the study will be next discussed which will end with a specific research question. In the end of this chapter the contribution of this research and limitation of the study are also presented. 1.1 A Brief Overview of Social Enterprise Social enterprises are organisations that supply goods and services as part of the social economy sector; this group constitutes a collection of organisations that exist between the traditionally private and public sectors and has a stronger relationship with the Community and Non-profit sector. This sector has a key role to play in achieving many of its goals, including overcoming social injustice and exclusion Todays completive business world defining social enterprise is a challenging task, according to OECD (1999, p.10) â€Å"there is no universal, commonly accepted definition of Social Enterprise.† However, the OECD (1999, p.10) has defined social enterprise as: â€Å"any private activity conducted in the public interest, organised with an entrepreneurial strategy but whose main purpose is not the maximisation of profit but the accomplishment of certain economic and social goals, and which has a capacity of bringing innovative solutions to the problems of social exclusion and unemployment†. Social enterprises are becoming a recognised part of the local and national economy in the UK, and the organisations operating in this sector are aware that becoming sustainable businesses is the path to independence both financially and in mission. However, social enterprises, in common with many small businesses, find growth difficult, and this could impact negatively on their sustainability. These should be supported and encouraged to grow both as a sector and as individual organizations so as to become more sustainable organizations. 1.2 Purpose of the Study My paper has been developed to explore how the term social enterprise has acquired meaning in England and to illustrate how practitioners, policymakers and academics influence each other in the development of new sustainable ideas, given that a lack of understanding of the role and significance of social enterprises was cited as a major barrier to the acceleration of the use of this business model. These challenges come in many forms. Some are the same as those affecting any other business including access to business support and finance, a lack of affordable premises and finding skilled staff. However, social enterprises also face one huge barrier that seriously affects their ability to assume a position within the market. That barrier is a lack of understanding of how social enterprises work and of their potential value. This lack of understanding exists across the public, private and voluntary and community sectors. The confusion and conflict about what the model could or should be for results all too often in misrepresentation and exaggeration of its potential, fragmentation in the provision of support and real and perceived barriers to accessing contracts and mainstream funding opportunities. So my dissertation will identify the key barriers faced by Social Enterprise and explore how these barriers have/could potentially be overcome in order to achieve sustainability. It examines critical incidents that have shaped the meaning of social enterprise in England and reflects on these incidents to draw conclusions about the future sustainable development of social enterprise practice. Through out this paper I will also examine the potential conditions for the growth of social enterprise through a set of outline scenarios. The aim is to inform both policy-making and the wider debate about social enterprise: what its potential might be and how that potential can be realised in different settings. So my research question is: To explore how the social enterprise is potential for sustainability in the UK. 1.3 Limitations of the Study: During conducting the research I came across certain limitations and among them the foremost one is time constrain. The interviewed person could not provide all necessary information due to lack of time. The research timeline also reveals that time constrain was actually a barrier as there was plenty to find about this research topic. A huge portion of the report is based on primary data collected through interviews which is very lengthy process. The key point here is that social enterprise cannot be identified solely by legal form or pre-set categories. Social enterprises can often see themselves as belonging to more than one category, leading to problems of double counting. For example, a social enterprise may be a charity registered with the Charities Commission or an ‘exempt charity which is also an Industrial and Provident Society. There is also much variation in the categories which have been used in studies to date, making aggregation and comparison very difficult. 1.4 Structure of the Report: This research is divided into five chapters: the first chapter is an introduction with purpose and limitation of the study. In the second chapter, literature based review of definitions of social enterprise, roots of social enterprise, discussion relevant to the sustainability of social enterprise, the nature of their contribution and their sponsors and sources of funding. The third summarises the background information of social enterprise in the UK and the fourth and fifth chapter contain the methodology and the summary of the main findings of the study with implications for policy. Chapter 2: Literature Review This chapter will give an overview of literature and models that are related to the research problem presented in the previous chapter. This chapter will introduce the roots and concepts of social enterprise in order to give a clear idea about the research area. 2.1 Roots of social enterprise Scott specified (Market, Schmarket : Building the Post-Capitalist Society,2006, p50) â€Å"The roots of social enterprises and community enterprise overall can be found in the mutual, self help and co-operative sector which goes back, in the UK, at least to the Fenwick Weavers in Ayrshire 1769 and Dr William King of Brighton in the 1820s (Trimingham, 2007), with earlier antecedents.† Within the development of this movement there has always been an important strand which has focused on the local community-based nature of these organisations and also on the economic development of poorer communities including the need to maintain paid work. For example between the two world wars, local community activists such as Harry Cowley campaigned for housing and work for returning service people and support for small local businesses. He organised marches to demand public works ‘job creation programmes from the local council for unemployed people with some success. 2.3 General Discussion on Social Enterprise Social Enterprises combine the need to be successful businesses with social aims. This is a competitive business, owned and trading for a social purpose. They seek to succeed as businesses by establishing a market share and making a profit and emphasise the long-term benefits for employees, consumers and the community. Bob Doherty and John Thompson mentioned in the journal ‘The diverse world of social enterprise stories (p.362) that social enterprises are organizations which are seeking business solutions to social crisis. These are needed to be differentiated from other socially-oriented organizations. These also need to take initiatives that can promote to communities but which are not wanting or seeking to be â€Å"businesses†. In this esteem these latter organizations remain dependent on endowments and donations rather than build up true paying customers. According to DTI report A Progress Report on Social Enterprise: A Strategy for Success (2003, p.6), social enterprise is such a business which reinvests its surpluses in the business or in the community rather than increases profit for shareholders or owners. Peter Drucker argues that social entrepreneurs â€Å"change the performance capacity of society† (Gendron, 1996, p. 37) while Henton et al. (1997: p.1) speak of ‘civic entrepreneurs as â€Å"a new generation of leaders who forge new, powerfully productive linkages at the intersection of business, government, education and community† . Ali B. Somers (Shaping the balanced scorecard for use in UK social enterprises, p.46) stated â€Å"Social enterprise emphasise creating social and/or environmental value at all stages of their production process, as an intrinsic part of their identity†. Figure:1 describes the production process of social enterprise. Inputs Production Process Outputs: Goods and Services Labour Employee/ Client Raw Materials: from Environmental Sources Can Include: Democratic Governance or training for employee/ client Base Goods and services sold to market: Economic Profit, Social Profit and Environmental Profit Economic Profit flows back to Social Enterprise and Ethical Investors Social and Environmental profit flow to Community Indicates environmental and social motives affect production Figure: 1 Production of Social Enterprise Source: Somers, A.B., 2005. Shaping the balanced scorecard for use in UK social enterprises. Social Enterprise Journal, 1(1), p.46 2.4 Discussion Relevant to the Sustainability of Social Enterprise There has been an unprecedented wave of growth in Social Entrepreneurship globally over the last ten years (Bornstein 2004, pp.3-6). For Example, as part of the 2004 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) report a survey was conducted of social entrepreneurship activity in the UK; these data suggested that new ‘social start-ups are emerging at a faster ate than more conventional, commercial ventures (Harding and Cowling, 2004, p.5) There are three sides to sustainability in business activity: environment, economy and community. When aiming for sustainable practice all three factors must be given equal consideration from a local through to a global level. Environment Ensuring that business engages in the proper and careful use of finite resources and the management of waste so as to minimize the negative and maximize the positive impact of human activity. Economy Ensuring that business is financially viable, engages in good employment practice and is of benefit to the economy as a whole. Community Ensuring that business is overall of benefit to communities, their culture heritage and does not endanger them. Figure2: Sustainable Social Enterprise Schulyer (1998: p.3) describes social entrepreneurs as â€Å"individuals who have a vision for social change and who have the financial resources to support their ideas.who exhibit all the skills of successful business people as well as a powerful desire for social change† Greater flexibility in the use of public resources to respond to innovative community proposals, and venture investments from foundations and the private sector could be used to stimulate innovation in areas thought to be too risky for government as the sole investor. As Catford (1998, p. 96) argues that â€Å"social entrepreneurswill only flourish if they are supported by the right environment, which will be created largely by governments together with the private sector†. Social Enterprise seeks surplus generation in order to achieve financial sustainability. The need to financial sustainability is fundamental to social enterprises. Emphasizing financial sustainability in addition to profit distribution becomes a way to account for all activities the organization engages in, including advocacy and in support of bono work. Sacrificing one cause and effect chain for another can have significant implications for both the quality of work and social enterprises financial sustainability. Profit Distribution (Increase Income) Increase Revenue Use Resource Efficiently Trading Revenue Non Trading Revenue Manage Cost Track Advocacy Financial: Promote Sustainability of organization Social: Increase value to target community Whilst many may rely on combination of grant and trading income, ultimately, if an organisation is not financially sustainable, it cannot deliver its social and environmental impact. Fig3. shows how the profit of social organisation is distributed to the organization itself and community. Figure: 3 Financial Sustainability Source: Somers, A.B., 2005. Shaping the balanced scorecard for use in UK social enterprises. Social Enterprise Journal, 1(1), p.50 2.5 Policy Reform and Good Governance DTI report A Progress Report onSocial Enterprise: A Strategy for Success (2003, p.6) describes the three key goals for government as creating an enabling environment, making social enterprises better businesses and establishing the value of social enterprise. The danger in not supporting social entrepreneurship is obvious to Reis (1999: p. 4) who calls for systematic intervention to accelerate and improve philanthropic efforts. Without this he argues that substantial numbers of potential donors and social entrepreneurs could be â€Å"discouraged, turned-off, and lost from philanthropy and social change work†. So, in recent years, the boundaries between the private sectors (in term of market thinking and managerial practices) have impacted the public and voluntary sectors and started to blur traditional distinctions between them (Bull, 2006, 2007). The emergence of radical business alternatives with a strong social orientation, democratic organisation, and positive attitude to profitable trading has led to formal recognition and academic scrutiny (Seanor, Bull and Ridley-Duff, 2007). Brown, H and Murphy, E (2003: p.57) mentioned on Bank of England report that â€Å"Social enterprises, like all businesses, need access to a range of financial products appropriate to their activity and stage of development† An HM Treasury report on Enterpriseand Social Exclusion (1999, p 108) came to the conclusion, arguing that social enterprise was â€Å"less understood and rarely promoted in a consistent way by the existing infrastructure for business support†. Thompson et al. (2000: p. 328) describe â€Å"people who realize where there is an opportunity to satisfy some unmet need that the state welfare system will not or cannot meet, and who gather together the necessary resources (generally people, often volunteers, money and premises) and use these to ‘make a difference†. It is more useful to consider and develop social enterprise capabilities rather than skills and capacity building. The fact that social enterprises need to combine commercial objectives with social mission as well as internal governance, means that a â€Å"capabilities approach† is more comprehensive. This is a useful way of recognising factors additional to individual skills that inter-play to determine the effectiveness and impact of a specific enterprise. It also moves away from limited considerations of a key person or group within the organisation, and their specific skills, towards a more holistic view of what the organisation is capable of doing, irrespective of the location of particular skills. Laville and Nyssens (2001: p 325) argue that while the origins of social enterprises are based in reciprocity and thus form part of the third system, their strength is based in their ability to tap into all three economic principles and systems. They are different from private enterprise in that their goal is not the maximization of profit to benefit owners, although they do develop market activities and generate profits. They are also different from the public sector in that they are independent from direct control by public authorities. But they benefit to a greater or lesser extent from public subsidy. Thus they mobilize market relations to sell services or goods, and can use redistributive relations by utilizing government funding to finance their services. Their long-term sustainability depends on their ability to ‘continuously hybridise the three poles of the economy so as to serve the project. Their complementary use of monetary and non-monetary relations guarantees auto nomy of service based on their connections within communities and economic viability. This view of social enterprises offers an insight into their complexity in terms of the roles they must juggle and of the many forms from cooperatives, community enterprises, social firms, fair-trade companies and more that they take. Dees (1998: p.4) identifies five criteria that social entrepreneurs possess: adopting a mission to create and sustain social value; recognizing and relentlessly pursuing new opportunities to serve that mission; engaging in a process of continuous innovation, adaptation and learning; acting boldly without being limited by resources currently in hand; and exhibiting a heightened sense of accountability to the constituencies served and to the outcomes created. Catford (1998, p.97) who articulates the issues and one possible solution most eloquently: â€Å"Traditional welfare-state approaches are in decline globally, and in response new ways of creating healthy and sustainable communities are required. This challenges our social, economic and political systems to respond with new, creative and effective environments that support and reward change. From the evidence available, current examples of social entrepreneurship offer exciting new ways of realizing the potential of individuals and communitiesinto the 21st century†. The Progress Report on Social Enterprise: A Strategy for Success(2003, p.68) concludes that there is little hard evidence to demonstrate the impact and added value of social enterprise. The report points out that one of the reasons for the lack of statistical evidence is that social enterprises create a range of social and environmental impacts, beyond their financial return (the ‘double or the ‘triple bottom line) that are hard to measure (even by the social enterprises themselves). Limited information on their social and environmental, as well as financial, impact also means that policy makers, business support providers and finance providers find it difficult to assess the value of targeting social enterprises or of including them in their activities. 2.6 Concluding Remarks Academic writing about modern social entrepreneurship skills is relatively limited, compared to mainstream business or charities. The concept of ‘social enterprise has been rapidly emerging in the private, public and non-profit sectors over the last few years. Currently, the non-profit sector is facing increasing demands for improved effectiveness and sustainability in light of diminishing funding from traditional sources and increased competition for these scarce resources. At the same time, the increasing concentration of wealth in the private sector is promoting calls for increased corporate social responsibility and more proactive responses to complex social problems, while governments at all levels are struggling with multiple demands on public funds. Chapter 3: Background Information of Social Enterprise This chapter will give the idea about the social enterprise types and size in the UK along with the impact, barriers and sources of fund in this organizations. Social Enterprise in the UK The UK government has been at the front position of enabling and encouraging the increase of social enterprises as part of both welfare services delivery and community regeneration at the policy level. The impacts and influence of public, private, and citizen are empirically proven and exhibit that these conventional sectors of society are playing a part in re-evaluating the value creation opportunities offered by market (or quasi-market) mechanisms. [Brief overview of types] According to the UK policy-making community, social enterprises play a vital role in the creation of economic and social value. It has been claimed that, there were some 15,000 social enterprises in the UK SBS(2005, pp.1-2), accounting for around 1.2% of all employing enterprises in the UK. These social enterprises generate around  £18 billion in annual turnover and employ over 775,000 people (475,000 paid employees and 300,000 volunteer staff). Governments Survey and existing data for the social enterprise sector estimated that there are at least 55,000 social enterprises in the UK, with a combined turnover of  £27billion per year which is raised to over  £800 million from the preceding year. This corresponds to 2% of the UKs GDP . The number of registered charities rose from around 120,000 in 1995 to more than 164,000 in 2005, and there are also hundreds of thousands of small community groups. According to Government estimates, social enterprises account for 5% of all businesses with employees and contribute approximately  £8.4billion to GDP (HM Treasury and Cabinet Office, 2006, p.29), around 0.7% of the total economy. The data obtained from the cabinet office website in social sector showed that in the year 2003/04, 56% of third sector organisations reported an increase in activity in the previous year, and 67% of them expected activity to grow in the next three years. Positive aspects of social enterprise: Social enterprise is a varied activity and can include a range of organisations working on different scales and at different levels of trading. Some work at community level, while others work nationally. They can work in public services or commercial markets. They often work in the most disadvantaged areas and work with the most disadvantaged groups. Some organisations work only as a social enterprise while in other organisations social enterprise is often a part of their activity. This most commonly applies in a voluntary organisation or a housing association. According to Bob Doherty and John Thompson (The diverse world of social enterprise stories, p.362) the common characteristics for a Social Enterprise are: They have a social rationale and yields and surpluses are not shared out to shareholders. Reinvested profit can be used to provide training and development opportunities for staff. They use assets and capital to generate community benefit. They pursue this with (at least in part) trade in a market place. Members or employees can also take part in decision making. The enterprise is responsible to both its members and a wider society. Citizenship participation and volunteering are encouraged within the local community The social enterprise model could create new forms of entrepreneurship and employment within a community The model is ideally placed to meet new needs within a community, if supported sufficiently at start up Social Enterprises can offer goods and services to poor and disenfranchised communities The potential of a profits and revenue stream could liberate organisations from the tyranny of fundraising and grant applications Organisations could flourish effectively and creatively under this model There is either a double or triple-bottom line concept. The assumption is that the most effective social enterprises exhibit healthy financial and social returns rather than high profits in one and lower profits in the other. Social enterprise makes an important contribution to the social, economic and environmental development of Scotland. This can be summarised as follows. Fig 4: Beneficiaries of Social Enterprise Source: Social enterprise is extremely varied but, importantly, it works in a number of key priority areas for the UK economy- these include: employment and training; childcare; health; adult care services; recycling; renewable energy; transport; financial inclusion; community regeneration; and rural development. In particular, social enterprise contributes to regenerating our most deprived communities in both urban and rural areas. It often works with the people who have least opportunity in our society, including those outside the labour market, and so it has a major role to play in developing employability and supported employment and ensuring equal opportunities to those people. Social enterprise can add value to many of its activities by focusing on social, economic and environmental benefits, importantly linking these aims in a positive way, which in other business models may sometimes cause conflict. Social enterprise can offer goods and services to its customers in a flexible and innovative way. It can focus on their needs to deliver better public services. Often this is in areas where the market has failed areas where the private sector does not want to go. Social enterprise can make sure resources give value for money where a public-sector contract is needed for the activity. This includes working with very marginalised groups, where the enterprise activity helps reduce the amount of public funding needed. Through encouraging social entrepreneurship in communities, levels of public subsidy and grant dependency can be reduced. Barriers of social enterprise â€Å"†¦often have boards of directors or trustees who come from a voluntary sector rather than a business background. This can lead to a lack of business focus and prevent social enterprise from truly reaching their potential (DTI 2002, p.62) Several challenges remain before the full potential of the third sector can be realised. First, the Government must carry through its commitment to provide a constructive partnership with the sector and resist the temptation to treat it as one of the instruments for the marketisation of the Welfare State. Amicus, a trade union with workers in the public, private and third sectors, is concerned that an expansion of the third sector will be a ‘stepping stone to the privitisation of the public sector (Maskell quoted in Little, 2007, p.31). Second, the majority of third sector organisations are small and under-capitalised and they are constrained in the growth aspirations by limited access to capital (Bank of England, 2003; SQW, 2007). Insufficient capital can lead to either under-investment, or a re-orientation towards market objectives in order to obtain finance, and the consequent re-prioritisation of economic over social and environmental outcomes. To enable third sector organisations to maintain the balance between economic, social and environmental outcomes, the Government must ensure that a pragmatic and realistic assessment of the financial costs of service delivery is incorporated into their policies and strategies (HM Treasury, 2006).Third, a curse of successful activities in the third sector is that they themselves are prone to being privatised and consequently turned into capitalist ventures that adopt orthodox business practices, as has been the case with the demutualisation of the Building Society movement in the UK. According to UK Government and various literatures review shows that there are mainly four significant barriers to accessing appropriate business support and finance for social enterprises throughout the region. 1. Cultural barriers between those setting up social enterprises and mainstream business advisors. 2. Lack of clarity about where to access business support at the local level, largely due to the huge diversity of routes into starting up social enterprises. 3. Limited numbers of accredited technical specialists in key business advice areas where social enterprises require specialist support, for example on legal structure, potential investors or taxation. 4. Limited sources of affordable equity and loan finance of all sizes. All of these barriers inhibit the use of available business support by social enterprise. Many of the issues are cultural, but there are also skills issues, with mainstream business advice agencies not being adequately equipped to address more technical aspects of social enterprise business development. Specialists do exist within the region but many of them are funded through short-term grant finance. This enables the free provision of services but a lack of long-term sustainability for the advice services themselves. To grow and develop social enterprise in UK, we must tackle a range of challenges and issues which have been highlighted by the research and consultation carried out to develop this strategy. Tackling these challenges, which are summarised into five key areas in this chapter, will be a major part of this strategy: Use of the social enterprise business model. Business opportunities. Finance and investment. Business support for social enterprise. Raising the profile and demonstrating value. Sources of Finance The key factor in an enterprises development is access to appropriate sources of finance. Social enterprises are more likely than SMEs to have been rejected for finance, although the majority of those rejected by one lender appear subsequently to be successful with another. In addition, a large minority of social enterprises perceive access to external finance as a major barrier to expansion, including some of those that have successfully accessed finance in the past. While there is no one, clear reason to account for the higher rejection rates among social enterprises than SMEs, this report explores possible contributory factors, which

Tourism in the Algarve

Albufeira, located in the heart of Algarve, is one of the main tourist spots (if not the most tourist-intensive spot) in the whole of Portugal. Albufeira is famed for its pristine beaches, which are situated at the center of the Algarve coastline, and its unusual cliff and rock formations. Flights to the airport in Faro—about 30 km from Albufeira—are cheap, making it accessible for a wide range of budgets.Albufeira actually consists of two sections: The â€Å"old† Albufeira, which is a fishing port with old Algarvian narrow streets and whitewashed structures; and the â€Å"new† Albufeira, which is made up of more recent developments growing around the old section.For accommodations, there are plenty to choose from ranging from hotels to apartelles to campsites. One can rent mobile homes in Albufeira Camping—a value-for-money alternative to hotels.Albufeira offers a lot of choices for the beach-goer. Within a span of 5 km, you can find the Praia de B aleerira in the new marina, the Praia do Peneco and Praia dos Pescadores (which are two beaches near the fishing town), and other equally charming beaches such as Praia dos Alamà £es, Praia do Inatel, Praia das Areias de Sao Joà £o, Praia dos Aveiros, and Praia da Oura. Other beaches are also easily accessible from the town.Albufeira is also famous for its nightlife. Bars, discos, and nightclubs abound â€Å"The Strip† in Albufeira’s Montechoro section. Local restaurants serve seafood specialties such as cataplana (steamed shellfish) and caldeirada (fish stew).Restaurants specializing in various chicken dishes are also popular. Other sights of interest include: Churches in various stages of disrepair and the Archaeological Museum that contains relics from Albufeira’s colorful past.AlmancilAlmancil, a small market town located northwest of Faro, is famous as a center for two luxury beach resorts and residential developments along the Algarve, namely:Vale do Lob o, which lies 2 miles south of Almancil, and Quinta do Lago, about 6 miles southeast of the village. The town is a mere 20-minute drive from the Faro airport, which is a transportation hub for Almancil and its surrounding resorts.Almancil is important in providing goods and services to satisfy the needs of the two up-market developments. Also located here are many real estate offices and interior and furnishing shops. The town is also notable for the distinct pottery produced by locals.Areas of interest include the Church of Sao Lourenco east of Almancil, which showcases stunning azuleqo glazed tiles by the artist Policarpo de Oliveira Bernardes. These 18th century ceramic tiles exemplify the best of Algarvian architecture.Close by is the Sao Lourenà §o Cultural Centre, an establishment regularly holding events such as art exhibits and music shows. Also located in Almancil is the Està ¡dio Algarve (Algarve Stadium). Home ground of Louletano DC and SC Farense, the stadium is host t o the 2004 European Football Championship.Notable Almancil Beaches include, Praia do Ancà £o, Praia do Garrà £o, Praia da Quinta do Lago, Praia do Trafal, and Praia do Vale de Lobo.The Quinta do Lago complex near town is considered one of the most exclusive luxury developments in Southern Europe. It is popular with the English and is a retreat for many celebrities.The resort boasts a five-star hotel, first-class fine dining restaurants, and various luxury facilities. Rumor has it that Alan Shearer, George Michael, Luis Figo, Madonna, and Elton John own property in these areas.The tennis center is among the best in Europe and restaurants offering a myriad of cuisines catering to different palates are many. Also located in Almancil is the Almancil Karting, a leisure and competition complex. A replica of the former F1 Brazilian racetrack, it is a must-see for many for motor racing aficionados.AlvorAlvor is a relatively small coastal town located between Lagos and Portimao in the Alga rve. The town can be reached by taking a taxi from Portimao. Its main attraction as an international tourist center is the Alvor beach with its long, sandy beach that stretches till the Ria de Aivor estuary.

Engage in personal development in health, social care or children’s and young people’s setting. Essay

1.1 Describe the duties and responsibilities of your own work role. The day to day care and supervision of children aged 3months to a 1year. Planning and implementing with the staff team activities and resources to provide a rich learning environment. To be a key person I am responsible for a small group of around 6-8 children, observing and recording their learning and development. This involves taking pictures for their learning journals and commenting on their day to day activities. We also observe their current development to ensure they are at the right stage for their age in terms of speech & language. It also involves building a positive and supportive partnership with their parents/carers and families, respecting and valuing their cultures and beliefs. We aim to involve parents with all aspects of their child’s journey at Nursery including updating their individual learning plans termly. As a key worker I am heavily involved in this process, encouraging children to achieve their learning goals and to ensure I am up to date with all policies and procedures such as safeguarding, health and safety, the welfare requirements, manual handling, etc. 1.2 Explain expectations about own work role as expressed in relevant standards. Practitioner’s expectations should be to become a valuable practitioner, to be reliable and build good relationships with children and parent carers, encouraging play whilst learning, and by having children’s best interests e.g. physical activities, outings, this would help them to enjoy their growth in knowledge and assist in enhancing their development as a whole. Also practitioners should work as a team with other staff members and parent/carers in order to support the children to promote the children’s initial learning so that the children will feel confident and would be able boost up their self-esteem, and this will also help them in their future, and prepare them in further education when they move onto school. Also the expectations that are to be done in placement at a relevant standard is to supervise the children this plays a big role in child protection Act and  health and policy. Practitioners should always watch the children closely to prevent and reduce the severity of injury to children. Children often challenge their own abilities but are not always able to recognise the risks involved. Practitioners need to supervise children and identify any risks and minimise injury.

asian american essays

asian american essays Twinkling stars off in the distant sky shine as a symbol of hope. Hope for those who dream for a better way of living, and a new beginning. Thus this dream would soon be a reality for people of Asian ethnicity, but would prove to be far more difficult then imagined. The road that lied ahead would be full of difficult obstacles, and implicit messages that read "go home," but what was home? People previously known as Orientals and now classified as Asian Americans have almost all, at one time or another, been excluded from U.S. citizenship. Asians were discriminated against because of the color of their skin, or simply put they weren't white. One huge obstacle was "The Naturalization Act of May 16, 1790, which required a two year residence in the United States and one year residence in the state where the naturalization was granted"(Ogle County Naturalization). This Act regulated those who weren't "free whites," and especially targeted Asian immigrants. Congress first created this Act in hopes to discourage immigration by any non white persons. By the mid 1800s citizenship was finally given to African Americans thanks to the 14th Amendment, however Asian immigrants continued to be discriminated against. Not having citizenship in America clearly had its disadvantages. For example, in May 1952 the foreign miners' license tax was issued. American miners felt threatened from the presence of Chinese miners. American miners wanted to eliminate competition from foreign miners. The California Assembly argued that "they degraded the American white workers already in the state and discouraged other Americans from coming to California" (Takaki 81). This tax directed specifically towards the Chinese, which now required a monthly payment from all foreign miners. Since the Chinese at this time could not gain citizenship because of the Naturalization Act of 1790, they soon found themselves victim to this tax. ...

Free Essays on Streetcar Named Desire

In the play â€Å"A Streetcar Named Desire† by Tennessee Williams, the family is broken up due to the desires of both Blanche DuBois and Stanley Kowalski. However, Stella, Stanley’s wife, also contributes to the unfaithfulness of her husband. It is Stella’s weak demeanor and complete difference in identity from that of her sister, Blanche, that drives Stanley to commit an unfaithful act with Blanche. No one person is to blame for the breakup of the DuBois/Kowalski family. Blanche, Stella, and even Stanley played their own role is disrupting the peace that was once shared among them. Blanche desires what her sister has all though it is not much. Stella has a husband to care for her. A husband that loves her, that no one could question, meaning that he is not gay. Stella’s life is one that is settled and complete. Blanche, on the other hand, has a life that is in turmoil. She arrives in New Orleans a talkative, witty, arrogant, fragile, and eventually a crumbling figure. Blanche once was married to and passionately in love with a tortured young man. He killed himself after she discovered his homosexuality, and she has suffered from guilt and regret ever since. She wants a cultured man but is often subconsciously attracted to strong, macho male characters, perhaps a response to her marriage with a cultured, sensitive man which ended in disaster. So, although Blanche dislikes Stanley as a person, she is drawn to him as a type of man who is obviously heterosexual and who is strong enough to protect her from a harsh world. Stanley is ultimately what she wants, yet detests, and, because of Stella she can not have him. Stanley desires a woman who is cultured, who has seen the world and has the ability to be outspoken. This is not to say that Stanley does not love Stella, in fact he loves her a little too much, sometimes Stanley just yearns for something greater. He is tired of his everyday life... Free Essays on Streetcar Named Desire Free Essays on Streetcar Named Desire â€Å"A Streetcar Named Desire† William Faulkner’s Nobel Prize acceptance speech, in an essence, contains what good literature should. He speaks about the universal truths. Three of these in particular, are reflected in, â€Å"A Streetcar Named Desire†. Love, pity, and pride all play an important role in the actions and feelings that take place throughout the story. Love is what fuels the story, and starts some of the conflicts. Blanche is in desperate need of love when her husband commits suicide because of something she says to him So she turns to strangers. Here she’s flirting with a young delivery boy, â€Å"Now you run along, now quickly! It would be nice to keep you, but i've got to be good- and keep my hands of children†, scene 5 pg 196. Her promiscuity is what gets her fired from her teaching job and shunned in her prominent New Orleans town. While on the other hand, Stanley and Stella’s love is pure, almost animal like, how they need one another so much. Here Stanley yells for Stella after a fight, â€Å"Stella! My baby dolls left me! I want my baby! Stella! †¦ Stella!† scene3 pg 179. This shows their need for one another. Blanche and Stella love one another very much. They’ve been through a lot, the loss of family, money and the loss of Belle Reve [the families estate]. Here Blanche and her greet one another, â€Å" Stella, oh, Stella, Stella for star, how i’ve missed you! â€Å", scene 2 pg 152. They had a warm relationship, even though they had differences. No one ever wants to be pitied; it’s almost a type of failure. Stella and Stanley are happy together, but Blanche pities her sister for marring a poor polish immigrant. Here Stella is trying to make justice to why Stanley hit her. â€Å"He didn’t know what he was doing. He was good as a lamb when I came back, and he’s really very, very ashamed of himself.† scene 4 pg 183. She didn’t want Blanche to pity her but Stella pitied Blanche for not being able to co... Free Essays on Streetcar Named Desire In the play â€Å"A Streetcar Named Desire† by Tennessee Williams, the family is broken up due to the desires of both Blanche DuBois and Stanley Kowalski. However, Stella, Stanley’s wife, also contributes to the unfaithfulness of her husband. It is Stella’s weak demeanor and complete difference in identity from that of her sister, Blanche, that drives Stanley to commit an unfaithful act with Blanche. No one person is to blame for the breakup of the DuBois/Kowalski family. Blanche, Stella, and even Stanley played their own role is disrupting the peace that was once shared among them. Blanche desires what her sister has all though it is not much. Stella has a husband to care for her. A husband that loves her, that no one could question, meaning that he is not gay. Stella’s life is one that is settled and complete. Blanche, on the other hand, has a life that is in turmoil. She arrives in New Orleans a talkative, witty, arrogant, fragile, and eventually a crumbling figure. Blanche once was married to and passionately in love with a tortured young man. He killed himself after she discovered his homosexuality, and she has suffered from guilt and regret ever since. She wants a cultured man but is often subconsciously attracted to strong, macho male characters, perhaps a response to her marriage with a cultured, sensitive man which ended in disaster. So, although Blanche dislikes Stanley as a person, she is drawn to him as a type of man who is obviously heterosexual and who is strong enough to protect her from a harsh world. Stanley is ultimately what she wants, yet detests, and, because of Stella she can not have him. Stanley desires a woman who is cultured, who has seen the world and has the ability to be outspoken. This is not to say that Stanley does not love Stella, in fact he loves her a little too much, sometimes Stanley just yearns for something greater. He is tired of his everyday life...

The history of the Muslim world in the period between the early 15th Research Paper

The history of the Muslim world in the period between the early 15th and early 20 centuries - Research Paper Example Islam is perceived to be among the oldest and the most widely followed religion of the world. Where on one hand, with the rise and expansion of new religions such as Judaism and Christianity, the Muslim world had to witness a fall in its political and social magnitude; on the other hand, benefited by the advent of successful trade relationships of Muslim community with the non-Islamic nations, the community was able to strengthen its foothold in global politics of the modern world. Some of the noteworthy events that can be remarked as best illustrations of the alterations witnessed by the Muslim world since the early 15th century till the early 20th century or the modern era include the rise of Mughals, Ottomans and Safavids, repeat clashes of the Muslim world with other religious communities as well as trade expansion of the Muslims in the global plethora. Historians have often argued that these events have led towards immense alterations in the religious beliefs as well as social s tructures of the Muslim world playing the key role in developing its advanced post-modern shape. However, these events, as argued by historians, imposed varying impacts on the Muslim world, some being strong enough to permanently change few aspects of this particular assemblage while the others having a short term influence Concerning these aforementioned aspects, this thesis will be focused on discussing about the various events which have been witnessed within the Muslim world during its experiences within the period from 15th century to 20th century. Correspondingly, the ultimate aim of the study will be to identify particular events and encounters which have been most influential in shaping the modern Muslim world. DISCUSSION The Muslim World during early 15th and 16th Centuries The most significant event which has often attracted intellectuals arguing on the historic transformations of the Muslim world during the 15th century was the fall of Constantinople after being conquered by the Ottoman Empire sultan Mehmed II. It was during this tenure of Muslim world history that Ottomans were emerging as the major Islamic dynasty to rule to Arab-Muslim nations. It was during the mid 15th century that Mehmed II acquired the throne of the Ottoman dynasty when the Muslim world was focused primarily on trade as well as political expansion, based on the notion of imperialism to gain superiority over other non-Muslim communities. In such circumstance, Constantinopolis (Kostantiniyye) was the most appropriate geographical area to expand trade and also to gain control on the activities of the neighboring continents, i.e. Asia and Europe. Both Asia and Europe, during this period was undergoing tremendous alterations being politically weak, but economically enriched with natural resources and flow of international commodities. Thus, conquering Constantinople was a golden opportunity for Mehmed II to expand the Ottoman Empire and almost effortlessly, obtain the benefits of an equipped trade relation between Constantinopolis and European as well as Asian dynasties. On the social forefront, the defeat of Constantinople further contributed towards the enrichment of the artistic patronage of the medieval Muslim world which is still considered to be enviable. Not only in terms of its artistic patronage, but also with respect to the political structure and policy concerns, the Muslim world

Prophylatic Mechanical Therapy in the Prevention of Neuropathic Dissertation

Prophylatic Mechanical Therapy in the Prevention of Neuropathic Ulcerations - Dissertation Example An affective prophylactic measure therefore, assumes high priority in dealing with neuropathy and ulceration. Mechanical prophylactic methods namely special shoes, insoles, orthotic devices, gait patterns, canes and clutches aim to redistribute plantar pressure and have been used traditionally. However, the evidences supporting the affectivity of these methods are still rare. This literature review aims to make a critical analysis of the reported affectivity of mechanical prophylactic methods in preventing first incidence of ulceration in an individual with peripheral sensory neuropathy. A thorough study of the literature available for the mechanical prophylactic devices was made using peer reviewed articles from academic journals and each of these was evaluated for its relevance to the specific condition being studied. It was found that of the wide variety of methods used, some have been reported to be highly affective, but for many others systematic studies are lacking. Further res earch is recommended for evaluating each of these mechanical prophylactic methods. {Key Words: Diabetic Ulcer, Neuropathy, Plantar Pressure, forefoot, Hindfoot, Offloading, orthotic devices, shoes, insoles, casts} Can the use of prophylactic mechanical therapy be beneficial in the prevention of neuropathic ulcerations I. INTRODUCTION: Neuropathy, the general term for peripheral sensory neuropathy, is a disease involving functional impairment of the peripheral nervous system. The peripheral nervous system comprises of nerve roots, plexus, and autonomic, sensory & motors nerves connecting the various organs of the body to the central nervous system, i.e. the brain and spinal cord. A damage or dysfunction to one or more... The immediate cause of neuropathic root ulcerations being elevated plantar pressure, prophylactic measures aim to reduce the plantar pressure. Mechanical methods are one of the most important among the several methods that have been recommended for prevention of the disease. These methods involve the use of various devices and means that ultimately aim to facilitate plantar pressure offloading of the vulnerable foot primarily by redistributing the foot load. Reports are available from many randomized control trials (RCTs) and prospective studies which provide the proof of various pressure reducing devices being effective in preventing foot ulcerations. The major mechanical prophylactic methods reported for neuropathic foot ulcerations include use of padded hosiery, special shoes, Orthoses or special insoles and casts. Other than this gait alterations and bed rest are also recommended for off loading and thereby reducing pressure. Types of Mechanical Prophylactic Methods and their evi dence of their efficacy in preventing neuropathic ulcerationsA.  Hosiery: Padded hosiery (figure 4) is recommended for diabetic patients at risk of neuropathic ulcerations. An early study describing the experimental use of padded hosiery was reported in 1989 (Veves et al., 653). The padded socks designed by an American hosiery manufacturer Thor-Lo, were made of acrylic (85%) and nylon (15%). Their claim that the socks reduce pressure on athlete’s feet was evaluated by Veves and colleagues.(Veves et al., 653).